Sensation and Perception Through Sight:
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One of the five senses that we are privileged to have is our vision. All of our senses operate in much the same way, but each extracts different information and sends it to its own specialized procession region in the brain. For vision, our sensation of sight starts with the eyes' transduction of the characteristics of light into neural signals that the brain can process. This happens in the retina in the back of the eye that acts like the light-sensitive chip in a digital camera. First, the eyes are stimulated by an image in front of them with the pupils. Next, the image is sent to the retina, where it is processed by the rods and cones. After the rods (for seeing in the dark) and the cones (for seeing brightness) process the image, it moves to the bipolar cells and then next to the ganglion cells. Next, the image is sent to the optic nerve which then finally send the information to the visual cortex, where it is finally a perception in the brain. As you can see, the eyes use the cells in the retina to change a sensation into a perception that the brain can actually interpret.
Afterimage Test:
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You can use this image to show how the eyes adapt to an image and use the retina to transform sensations into perceptions. To do this test, stare at the white cross in the middle of the flag for about 30 seconds. Then quickly look away from the flag at a white paper of light-colored wall. This should cause your eyes to see an afterimage of the flag because the photoreceptors in the eyes briefly continue to to process information after they are stimulated.